【高考英语定语从句复习教案】在高考英语中,定语从句是语法考查的重点之一,常以单项选择、完形填空或语法填空等形式出现。掌握定语从句的结构和用法,有助于提高阅读理解能力和写作水平。以下是对高考英语中定语从句的总结与归纳。
一、定语从句基本概念
定语从句是指在句子中充当定语的从句,用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导从句的词称为关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
二、常见关系代词与关系副词
关系词 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
who | 指人,在从句中作主语或宾语 | The girl who is talking to the teacher is my sister. |
whom | 指人,在从句中作宾语(口语中可省略) | The man whom you met yesterday is a famous writer. |
that | 指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语 | The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. |
which | 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语 | The car which is parked outside is mine. |
whose | 表示所属关系,指人或物 | The student whose father is a doctor is in our class. |
when | 指时间,在从句中作时间状语 | I still remember the day when we first met. |
where | 指地点,在从句中作地点状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
why | 指原因,在从句中作原因状语 | That’s the reason why he left early. |
三、定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句
不能省略,对先行词起限定作用,不加逗号。
- 例句:The man who is standing there is my uncle.
2. 非限制性定语从句
对先行词进行补充说明,通常用逗号隔开,不能用that引导。
- 例句:My brother, who lives in Beijing, is coming to visit me.
四、易混淆点总结
问题 | 解析 |
who 和 whom 的区别 | who 在从句中作主语,whom 作宾语,但在口语中常省略。 |
that 和 which 的区别 | that 可指人或物,which 仅指物;非限制性从句中只能用which。 |
as 引导的定语从句 | as 可放在句首或句中,常用于“such...as”或“the same...as”结构中。 |
介词 + 关系代词 | 当关系代词前有介词时,常用which或whom,不可用that。 |
先行词为all, everything等时 | 用that,不用which。 |
五、典型考题解析
例题1
The book ______ I borrowed from the library is very useful.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
答案:B
解析:先行词是“book”,指物,且为限制性定语从句,可用that或which,但一般更常用that。
例题2
This is the village ______ I was born.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. in which
答案:A
解析:先行词是“village”,表示地点,用where引导定语从句。
六、复习建议
1. 熟悉关系词的用法及区别,尤其是who/whom、that/which、when/where等。
2. 多做真题练习,熟悉高考命题规律。
3. 注意区分限制性与非限制性定语从句。
4. 掌握“介词+关系代词”的结构,如“in which”、“to whom”等。
通过系统复习和练习,考生可以有效提升定语从句的理解与运用能力,为高考英语打下坚实基础。